Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus (endometrium) that extend into the uterine cavity. They are typically non-cancerous (benign), but in some cases, they may develop into precancerous or cancerous growths.
Causes of Uterine Polyps
Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are growths that occur on the inner lining of the uterus (the endometrium). While the exact cause is not fully understood, several factors and conditions may contribute to their development:
- Hormonal Imbalance : Uterine polyps are estrogen-sensitive, meaning they tend to grow in response to estrogen. High levels of estrogen, especially in the absence of adequate progesterone, can cause the endometrial lining to thicken and may lead to polyp formation. Changes in hormone levels throughout the menstrual cycle may also play a role, especially in women approaching menopause, who often experience hormonal imbalances.
- Chronic Inflammation and Infection: Chronic inflammation of the endometrium (endometritis) can lead to the formation of polyps. Conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) may contribute to
this. Uterine infections may also play a role by causing irritation and abnormal tissue growth.
- Age and Menopause: Uterine polyps are more common in women who are in their 40s and 50s or are going through menopause. This is likely due to the changes in hormone levels during these stages. As women age, progesterone levels often decrease, leading to unopposed estrogen activity, which can encourage the growth of polyps.
Uterine polyps (also known as endometrial polyps) are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus and extend into the uterine cavity. They can vary in size and may be asymptomatic, especially when small. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:
- Irregular menstrual bleeding (e.g., heavy or prolonged periods)
- Bleeding between menstrual periods
- Postmenopausal bleeding
- Infertility (Difficulty conceiving or maintaining a pregnancy, especially if the polyp interferes with the uterine lining)
- Mild cramping or pelvic discomfort, though this is less common.
Note : Some women with uterine polyps may not experience any symptoms, and the polyps may be discovered during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests.
Uterine polyps, also known as endometrial polyps, are benign
(non-cancerous) growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus and extending into the uterine cavity. Proper diagnosis is crucial, especially since polyps can sometimes be associated with abnormal uterine bleeding or mimic more serious conditions, such as
endometrial cancer. Here are the common methods used to diagnose uterine polyps:
- Pelvic Ultrasound: Often a transvaginal ultrasound is used to detect polyps. To visualize the uterus and heck for abnormalities.
- Hysteroscopy: A procedure where a small camera is inserted through the cervix and allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity
- Endometrial Biopsy: A sample of the uterine lining may be taken to check for cancerous changes.
- Sono hysterography: Saline is injected into the uterus during an ultrasound to get a clearer view of the uterine cavity.
- Dilation and Curettage (D&C): A surgical procedure where the uterine lining is scraped to obtain tissuesample. May still be performed if there is a high suspicion of cancer.
- Observation: If polyps are small and asymptomatic, they may be monitored without immediate intervention. Regular check-ups are needed to ensure the polyps do not grow or cause symptoms.
- Medications: Hormonal treatments (like progestins or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists) may be used temporarily to shrink the polyps. This is usually a short-term solution, as polyps often recur once the medication is stopped.
- Surgical Removal: A procedure called hysteroscopic polypectomy can be performed as it allows direct visualization and complete removal of the polyp. This is usually recommended if the polyps are causing symptoms or if there is a risk of cancer.
- Endometrial Ablation: This is a procedure to destroy the lining of the uterus, which may be considered if polyps are recurrent or associated with heavy bleeding.
When to See a Doctor
Women with heavy or irregular bleeding should seek medical evaluation promptly to rule out polyps or other underlying condition. Seek medical advice if you experience:
- Irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods or after menopause
- Difficulty conceiving
